# ASPHALT MIX DESIGN Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) of Asphalt Paving Mix

### Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) of Asphalt Paving Mix

Reference Asphalt Institute MS 2

Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) of loose asphalt mixtures is the ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of asphalt mixture (including the volumes of the aggregate and binder only) to the mass of the same volume of water. Gmm is determined for loose asphalt mixtures as per ASTM D 2041 or AASHTO T 209.

When only one Gmm is conducted in the laboratory, a binder content that is equal to or greater than the anticipated design binder content shall be selected and Gse calculated. The Gse is then used to calculate Gmm at each of the other binder contents. Please note that this step is not necessary if Gmm testing is conducted at each trial binder percentage.

## Bulk (Dry) Specific Gravity (Gsb) of Aggregates

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of aggregate (including both the impermeable and water-permeable void volumes) to the mass of the same volume of water.Determined as per ASTM C 127 and C 128 or AASHTO T 84 and T 85

## Apparent Specific Gravity (Gsa) of Aggregates

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of aggregate (including only the impermeable void volumes) to the mass of the same volume of water. Determined as per ASTM C 127 and C 128 or AASHTO T 84 and T 85.

## Effective Specific Gravity (Gse) of Aggregates

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of aggregate (including both the impermeable void volumes and the waterpermeable voids not filled with absorbed asphalt) to the mass of the same volume of water.

## Binder Specific Gravity (Gb)

The ratio of the mass of a unit volume of binder to the mass of the same volume of water. Determined as per ASTM D70 or AASHTO T 228.

## Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm)

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of asphalt mixture (including the volumes of the aggregate and binder only) to the mass of the same volumeof water. Determined as per ASTM D 2041 or AASHTO T 209.

## Bulk Specific Gravity(Gmb)

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of asphalt mixture (including the volumes of aggregate, binder and air) to the mass of the same volume of water. Determined as per ASTM D 2726 or AASHTO T 166.

# Calculation:

Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) is calculated for other binder contents utilising the value of Effective Specific Gravity (Gse) of aggregates using the following equation.

$G m m = 100 P s G s e + P b G b$ where:
Gmm = Max. specific gravity of paving mixture
Gb = Specific gravity of binder
Gse = Effective Specific Gravity of aggregate
Ps = Percentage of aggregate by total mix weight
Pb = Percentage of binder by total mix weight at which Gmm test was performed

MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF ASPHALT MIX

Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) : Output

Maximum Specific Gravity of Asphalt Mix:

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