ASPHALT MIX DESIGN
Mixture Volumetric Properties

Asphalt Mix Design

Mixture Volumetric Properties

Reference Asphalt Institute MS 2

Mixture Volumetric Properties generally considered during the Asphalt Mix Design process includes Percent Air Voids (P_a), Voids in Mineral Aggregates (VMA), Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA), Percent Effective Binder (P_be), Percent Absorbed Binder (P_ba) etc.

Percent Air Voids (P_a) - The volume of air voids in a compacted mixture, expressed as a percentage of the total mix volume.

Voids in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA) - The voids created by the aggregate structure of a compacted asphalt mixture, expressed as a percentage of the total mix volume. VMA represents the volume of air voids and effective (nonabsorbed) asphalt binder.

Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA) - The percentage of the VMA filled with effective (nonabsorbed) asphalt binder.

Percent Binder Effective (P_be) - The functional portion of the asphalt binder that coats the aggregate in the asphalt mixture but is not absorbed into the aggregate, expressed as a percentage of the total mix mass.

Percent Binder Absorbed (P_ba) - The portion of the asphalt binder that is absorbed into the aggregate, expressed as a percentage of the total aggregate mass.

Bulk (Dry) Specific Gravity (G_sb) of Aggregates

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of aggregate (including both the impermeable and water-permeable void volumes) to the mass of the same volume of water.Determined as per ASTM C 127 and C 128 or AASHTO T 84 and T 85

Apparent Specific Gravity (G_sa) of Aggregates

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of aggregate (including only the impermeable void volumes) to the mass of the same volume of water. Determined as per ASTM C 127 and C 128 or AASHTO T 84 and T 85.

Effective Specific Gravity (G_se) of Aggregates

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of aggregate (including both the impermeable void volumes and the waterpermeable voids not filled with absorbed asphalt) to the mass of the same volume of water.

Binder Specific Gravity (G_b)

The ratio of the mass of a unit volume of binder to the mass of the same volume of water. Determined as per ASTM D70 or AASHTO T 228.

Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (G_mm)

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of asphalt mixture (including the volumes of the aggregate and binder only) to the mass of the same volumeof water. Determined as per ASTM D 2041 or AASHTO T 209.

Bulk Specific Gravity(G_mb)

The ratio of the oven-dry mass of a unit volume of asphalt mixture (including the volumes of aggregate, binder and air) to the mass of the same volume of water. Determined as per ASTM D 2726 or AASHTO T 166.

Calculation:

Percent Air Voids (P_a) in compacted mixture:

$P_{a} = 100 - \frac{100 \times G_{m b}}{G_{m m}}$

Percent Voids in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA) in compacted mixture: $V M A = 100 - \frac{G_{m b} P_{s}}{G_{s b}}$

Percent Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA) in compacted mixture: $V F A = 100 \times \frac{V M A - P_{a}}{V M A}$

Percentage Binder Absorption (P_ba): $P_{b a} = 100 \times \frac{(G_{s e} - G_{s b})}{G_{s e} \times G_{s b}} \times G_{b}$

Effective Binder Content(P_be)of paving mixture: $P_{b e} = P_{b} - \frac{P_{b a}}{100} \times P_{s}$ where:
P_a = Air voids in compacted mixture, percentage of total volume
P_ba = Absorbed binder, percentage by mass of aggregate
P_be = Effective binder, percentage by mass of aggregate
G_mm = Max. specific gravity of paving mixture
G_mb = Bulk specific gravity of paving mixture
G_b = Specific gravity of binder
G_se = Effective Specific Gravity of aggregate
G_sb = Bulk (Dry) Specific Gravity of aggregate
P_s = Percentage of aggregate by total mix weight
P_b = Percentage of binder by total mix weight

ASPHALT MIXTURE VOLUMETRIC PARAMETERS

Percentage of aggregate by total mix weight ( P_s), % Percentage of binder by total mix weight (P_b), % Effective specific gravity of aggregate (G_se) Bulk (Dry) specific gravity of aggregate (G_sb) Specific gravity of binder (G_b) Maximum specific gravity of paving mixture (G_mm) Bulk specific gravity of paving mixture (G_mb)

Volumetric Properties of Compacted Asphalt Mixture: Output

Percent Air Voids in the Compacted Mixture (P_a):

Voids in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA):

Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA):

Percent Binder Absorption (P_ba):

Effective Binder Content (P_be):

Report Section

Project Details

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Sample Details

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Remarks

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TRANSCALC TOOLS

Airport Pavements

USDOT-FAA: AC No: 150/5370-10H - Asphalt Mix Pavement (P-401) - Particle Size Grading Plots

Asphalt Institute MS 2:

Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (G_mm) of Loose Asphalt Mixture

Asphalt Mix Control Charts

ADaily Variation of Perc. Binder/VMA/VFA/Marshall Stability/Flow

ASTM Soil Classification

ASTM D 2487: Classification of Soils For Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

Bearing Capacity Calculations

Bearing Capacity of Soils based on General Bearing Capacity Theory

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ASPHALT MIX DESIGN Mixture Volumetric Properties